CINDI-2 Campaign

Set-up & scientific goals

From 25 August – 7 October of 2016, the CINDI-2 campaign was held in Cabauw, the Netherlands. CINDI stands for Cabauw Intercomparison of Nitrogen Dioxide Measuring Instruments and was focussed on the comparison of a number of ground-based DOAS instruments (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) for measuring atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). More than 40 instruments operated by 30 groups participated to the CINDI-2 campaign. A major goals of the campaign (funded by ESA and the Netherlands Space Office) was to assure a reliable suite of ground-based instruments for the validation of the data from the S5P/TROPOMI satellite instrument launched in 2017. In addition, the CINDI-2 campaign formed the basis of the construction of a European network of reliable MAX-DOAS instruments as part of the ESA FRM4DOAS project.

Participating institutes & responsible scientists

  • Airyx, Eppelheim, Germany: Johannes Lampel.
  • Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China: Li Ang, Xin Tian, Pinhua H. Xie, Jin Xu.
  • Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Ilya Bruchkouski.
  • BK Scientific, Mainz, Germany: Karin Kreher.
  • Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan: Syedul Hoque, Hitoshi Irie.
  • Center of Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany: Mihalis Vrekoussis.
  • Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria: Moritz Müller, Martin Tiefengraber.
  • Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Madrid, Spain: Monica Anguas, Nuria Benavent, David Garcia-Nieto, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Shanshan Wang.
  • Department of Chemistry & Cooperative Institute for Research on Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, USA: Henning Finkenzeller, Theodore K. Koenig, Rainer Volkamer.
  • Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India: Vinod Kumar, Abhishek K. Mishra, Vinayak Sinha.
  • Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada: Kristof Bognar, Kimberly Strong, and Xiaoyi Zhaob.
  • Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus: Mihalis Vrekoussis.
  • European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Darmstadt, Germany: Nan Hao
  • Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany: Andreas Richter, Tim Bösch, Mareike Ostendorf, Enno Petersa, Anja Schönhardt, André Seyler, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Folkard Wittrock.
  • Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany: Udo Frieß, Johannes Lampel, Jonas Kuhn, Ulrich Platt, Jan-Lukas Tirpitz.
  • Institute of Meteorology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria: Stefan F. Schreier.
  • Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Guyancourt, France: Andrea Pazmino, Manuel Pinharanda.
  • Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece: Alkis Bais, Theano Drosoglou.
  • LuftBlick Earth Observation Technologies, Mutters, Austria: Alexander Cede, Moritz Müller, Martin Tiefengraber.
  • M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia: Alexander Borovski, Oleg Postylyakov.
  • Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany: Thomas Wagner, Sebastian Donner, Jonas Kuhn, Vinod Kumar.
  • Meteorological Observation Center and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China: Junli Jin, Jianzhong Ma.
  • Meteorologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany: Ka Lok Chan, Mark Wenig.
  • NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA: Nader Abuhassan, Alexander Cede, Jay R. Herman, Elena Spinei.
  • National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Madrid, Spain: Margarita Yela, Laura Gómez-Martín, Monica Navarro-Comas, Cristina Prados-Roman, Olga Puentedura.
  • National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New Zealand: Paul Johnston, Richard Querel.
  • National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan: Junaid Khayyam Butt, Fahim Khokhar.
  • Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, the Netherlands: Bas Henzing.
  • Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany: Zhuoru Wang.
  • Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium: Michel Van Roozendael, Francois Hendrick, Ermioni Dimitropoulou, Caroline Fayt, Clio Gielen, Christian Hermans, Alexis Merlaud, Gaia Pinardi, Frederik Tack, Jeroen van Gent.
  • Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the Netherlands: Arnoud Apituley, Ankie Piters.
  • School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China: Cheng Liu, Chengxin Zhang.
  • Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China: Shanshan Wang
  • Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA: Elena Spinei.

a now at: Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Bremerhaven, Germany.

b now at: Measurement and Analysis Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, M3H 5T4, Canada.

Impressions of the CINDI-2 campaign

Instrument deployment during CINDI-2: Array of containers on the Cabauw Remote-sensing site (intercalibration); large number of ancillary measurements, mobile systems for trace gases and aerosols.

4 Pandora’s from Luftblick, 2 Pandora’s from NASA, and 1 Pandora from KNMI were operated from the roof of the container stack during the CINDI-2 campaign. Pandora spectrometer instrument spectroscopy is used to measure columnar amounts of trace gases in the atmosphere using the theoretical solar spectrum as a reference (differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS)). These gases (e.a. O3, NO2) absorb specific wavelengths of light from the sun in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum.

Scientific Output

A.J.C. Berkhout, L.F.L. Gast , G.R. van der Hoff, D.P.J. Swart , M. Hoed , M. Allaart, ATMOSPHERIC NO2 PROFILES MEASURED WITH LIDAR DURING THE CINDI-2 CAMPAIGN, EPJ Web of Conferences 176, 10002 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817610002.

Frederik Tack, Gaia Pinardi, Jeroen van Gent, François Hendrick en Michel Van Roozendael, Het internationaal meetproject CINDI-2, Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aeronomie (BIRA), 2017, Tack(2017b).pdf.txt (belnet.be)

Kreher, K., Van Roozendael, M., Hendrick, F., Apituley, A., Dimitropoulou, E., Frieß, U., Richter, A., Wagner, T., Lampel, J., Abuhassan, N., Ang, L., Anguas, M., Bais, A., Benavent, N., Bösch, T., Bognar, K., Borovski, A., Bruchkouski, I., Cede, A., Chan, K. L., Donner, S., Drosoglou, T., Fayt, C., Finkenzeller, H., Garcia-Nieto, D., Gielen, C., Gómez-Martín, L., Hao, N., Henzing, B., Herman, J. R., Hermans, C., Hoque, S., Irie, H., Jin, J., Johnston, P., Khayyam Butt, J., Khokhar, F., Koenig, T. K., Kuhn, J., Kumar, V., Liu, C., Ma, J., Merlaud, A., Mishra, A. K., Müller, M., Navarro-Comas, M., Ostendorf, M., Pazmino, A., Peters, E., Pinardi, G., Pinharanda, M., Piters, A., Platt, U., Postylyakov, O., Prados-Roman, C., Puentedura, O., Querel, R., Saiz-Lopez, A., Schönhardt, A., Schreier, S. F., Seyler, A., Sinha, V., Spinei, E., Strong, K., Tack, F., Tian, X., Tiefengraber, M., Tirpitz, J.-L., van Gent, J., Volkamer, R., Vrekoussis, M., Wang, S., Wang, Z., Wenig, M., Wittrock, F., Xie, P. H., Xu, J., Yela, M., Zhang, C., and Zhao, X.: Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV–visible spectrometers during CINDI-2, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2169–2208, 2020, AMT – Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV–visible spectrometers during CINDI-2 (copernicus.org)

Tirpitz, J.-L., Frieß, U., Hendrick, F., Alberti, C., Allaart, M., Apituley, A., Bais, A., Beirle, S., Berkhout, S., Bognar, K., Bösch, T., Bruchkouski, I., Cede, A., Chan, K. L., den Hoed, M., Donner, S., Drosoglou, T., Fayt, C., Friedrich, M. M., Frumau, A., Gast, L., Gielen, C., Gomez-Martín, L., Hao, N., Hensen, A., Henzing, B., Hermans, C., Jin, J., Kreher, K., Kuhn, J., Lampel, J., Li, A., Liu, C., Liu, H., Ma, J., Merlaud, A., Peters, E., Pinardi, G., Piters, A., Platt, U., Puentedura, O., Richter, A., Schmitt, S., Spinei, E., Stein Zweers, D., Strong, K., Swart, D., Tack, F., Tiefengraber, M., van der Hoff, R., van Roozendael, M., Vlemmix, T., Vonk, J., Wagner, T., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wenig, M., Wiegner, M., Wittrock, F., Xie, P., Xing, C., Xu, J., Yela, M., Zhang, C., and Zhao, X.: Intercomparison of MAX-DOAS vertical profile retrieval algorithms: studies on field data from the CINDI-2 campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1–35, 2021, AMT – Intercomparison of MAX-DOAS vertical profile retrieval algorithms: studies on field data from the CINDI-2 campaign (copernicus.org)

An overview of Ruisdael scientific publications can be found here.

Data products and data availability

For specific data products or additional info please contact the specific scientific PIs. Ruisdael data storage can be found here.

Contacts & additional info

For further inquiries, please contact: Arnoud Apituley – campaign PI (apituley@knmi.nl)